{"id":5151,"date":"2025-05-01T12:01:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T04:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/?p=5151"},"modified":"2025-04-28T18:03:33","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T10:03:33","slug":"comparison-of-global-wire-harness-flame-retardancy-test-standards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/comparison-of-global-wire-harness-flame-retardancy-test-standards\/","title":{"rendered":"Comparison of Global Wire Harness Flame Retardancy Test Standards"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-comparison-of-global-wire-harness-flame-retardancy-test-standards\" style=\"font-size:44px;line-height:1.7\">Comparison of Global Wire Harness Flame Retardancy Test Standards<\/h2><div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2025-05-01T12:01:00+08:00\">2025 \u5e74 5 \u6708 1 \u65e5<\/time><\/div><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/da4c86dedaa1a16ee259ff6b8da17e2cd744aa974bafafc29333041b8b2b5f39.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4991\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/da4c86dedaa1a16ee259ff6b8da17e2cd744aa974bafafc29333041b8b2b5f39.png 1536w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/da4c86dedaa1a16ee259ff6b8da17e2cd744aa974bafafc29333041b8b2b5f39-1024x400.png 1024w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/da4c86dedaa1a16ee259ff6b8da17e2cd744aa974bafafc29333041b8b2b5f39-768x300.png 768w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/da4c86dedaa1a16ee259ff6b8da17e2cd744aa974bafafc29333041b8b2b5f39-600x234.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure><div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h5>Table of contents<\/h5><ul><li><a href=\"#h-comparison-of-global-wire-harness-flame-retardancy-test-standards\" data-level=\"2\">Comparison of Global Wire Harness Flame Retardancy Test Standards<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-i-international-general-standards\" data-level=\"3\">I. International General Standards<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-1-1-iso-6722-flame-retardancy-test-for-road-vehicle-cables\" data-level=\"4\">1.1 ISO 6722 (Flame Retardancy Test for Road Vehicle Cables)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-2-iec-60332-cable-flame-retardancy-performance-test\" data-level=\"4\">1.2 IEC 60332 (Cable Flame Retardancy Performance Test)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-1-3-other-relevant-international-standards\" data-level=\"4\">1.3 Other Relevant International Standards<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-summary-the-international-general-standards-centered-on-iso-6722-automotive-wire-harnesses-and-iec-60332-general-cables-provide-fundamental-flame-retardancy-test-methods-and-are-referenced-or-adapted-by-national-standards-e-g-gb-en-ul\" data-level=\"4\">Summary: The international general standards, centered on ISO 6722 (automotive wire harnesses) and IEC 60332 (general cables), provide fundamental flame retardancy test methods and are referenced or adapted by national standards (e.g., GB, EN, UL).<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ii-american-regional-standards\" data-level=\"3\">II. American Regional Standards<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-2-1-u-s-standards\" data-level=\"4\">2.1 U.S. Standards<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-2-2-canadian-standards-csa-c22-2\" data-level=\"4\">2.2 Canadian Standards (CSA C22.2)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-summary-american-standards-center-on-ul-1581-vw-1-and-fmvss-302-automotive-for-various-applications-canadian-standards-enhance-ul-requirements-with-low-temperature-testing-making-them-more-stringent\" data-level=\"4\">Summary: American standards center on UL 1581 (VW-1) and FMVSS 302 (automotive) for various applications. Canadian standards enhance UL requirements with low-temperature testing, making them more stringent.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-iii-european-regional-standards\" data-level=\"3\">III. European Regional Standards<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-3-1-en-50575-eu-cpr-regulation\" data-level=\"4\">3.1 EN 50575 (EU CPR Regulation)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-2-din-5510-2-german-railway-standard\" data-level=\"4\">3.2 DIN 5510-2 (German Railway Standard)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-3-3-bs-6853-british-railway-standard\" data-level=\"4\">3.3 BS 6853 (British Railway Standard)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-summary-european-standards-are-centered-on-en-50575-cpr-classification-while-the-railway-sector-relies-on-din-5510-2-and-bs-6853-emphasizing-smoke-toxicity-control-which-are-more-stringent-than-american-and-asian-standards\" data-level=\"4\">Summary: European standards are centered on EN 50575 (CPR classification), while the railway sector relies on DIN 5510-2 and BS 6853, emphasizing smoke toxicity control, which are more stringent than American and Asian standards.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-iv-asian-regional-standards\" data-level=\"3\">IV. Asian Regional Standards<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-4-1-chinese-standards-gb-t\" data-level=\"4\">4.1 Chinese Standards (GB\/T)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-4-2-japanese-standards-jis\" data-level=\"4\">4.2 Japanese Standards (JIS)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-summary-asian-standards-are-centered-on-china-s-gb-t-18380-and-japan-s-jis-c-3005-incorporating-localized-requirements-e-g-china-s-gb-8410-japan-s-jaso-d611-while-building-upon-iec-standards-india-s-standards-are-relatively-simplified-but-remain-aligned-with-international-core-tests\" data-level=\"4\">Summary: Asian standards are centered on China&#8217;s GB\/T 18380 and Japan&#8217;s JIS C 3005 , incorporating localized requirements (e.g., China&#8217;s GB 8410, Japan&#8217;s JASO D611) while building upon IEC standards. India&#8217;s standards are relatively simplified but remain aligned with international core tests.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-v-key-differences-comparison\" data-level=\"3\">V. Key Differences Comparison<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-notes\" data-level=\"4\">Notes:<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-north-america-focuses-on-controlling-burning-drips-europe-emphasizes-smoke-toxicity-while-asia-emphasizes-localized-supplementary-tests-e-g-oil-heat-resistance\" data-level=\"4\">\u2022 North America focuses on controlling burning drips, Europe emphasizes smoke toxicity, while Asia emphasizes localized supplementary tests (e.g., oil\/heat resistance);<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-for-automotive-wire-harness-standards-fmvss-302-us-and-gb-8410-china-are-similar-but-differ-in-test-details\" data-level=\"4\">\u2022 For automotive wire harness standards, FMVSS 302 (US) and GB 8410 (China) are similar but differ in test details;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-japanese-standards-add-environmental-reliability-requirements-on-top-of-flame-retardancy-making-them-more-comprehensive\" data-level=\"4\">\u2022 Japanese standards add environmental reliability requirements on top of flame retardancy, making them more comprehensive.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-vii-conclusion\" data-level=\"3\">VII. Conclusion<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-7-1-regional-focus\" data-level=\"4\">7.1 Regional Focus<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-2-industry-variations\" data-level=\"4\">7.2 Industry Variations<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-7-3-development-trends\" data-level=\"4\">7.3 Development Trends<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-final-recommendation-standard-selection-must-consider-both-product-destination-and-end-use-scenarios-e-g-automotive-construction-while-paying-attention-to-regional-specific-requirements-e-g-eu-cpr-japan-s-environmental-resistance\" data-level=\"4\">Final Recommendation: Standard selection must consider both\u00a0product destination\u00a0and\u00a0end-use scenarios\u00a0(e.g., automotive, construction), while paying attention to regional-specific requirements (e.g., EU CPR, Japan&#8217;s environmental resistance).<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-aa362954db995bb6ff3b3c8644745ed1\" id=\"h-i-international-general-standards\" style=\"color:#e85c03;font-size:36px;line-height:1.7\">I. International General Standards<\/h3><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f3141cf85701804d3b1e50feb95411ad\" id=\"h-the-internationally-recognized-wire-harness-flame-retardancy-test-standards-are-primarily-established-by-iso-international-organization-for-standardization-and-iec-international-electrotechnical-commission-they-are-widely-applied-in-industries-such-as-automotive-electronics-and-power-serving-as-foundational-references-for-national-standards-worldwide\" style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>The internationally recognized wire harness flame retardancy test standards are primarily established by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). They are widely applied in industries such as automotive, electronics, and power, serving as foundational references for national standards worldwide.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56c61092346b750561a85f0c5f23592b\" id=\"h-1-1-iso-6722-flame-retardancy-test-for-road-vehicle-cables\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">1.1 ISO 6722 (Flame Retardancy Test for Road Vehicle Cables)<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-307fea46f231bb227bb821b0dbe9bea2\" id=\"h-scope-low-voltage-cables-for-road-vehicles-including-cars-and-commercial-vehicles\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Scope: Low-voltage cables for road vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles.<\/h5><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1fa886e1e18a90e26896cc10b174db5e\" id=\"h-test-methods\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Test Methods:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42ea2a664e7b76993b5f8f42b8a894e0\" id=\"h-vertical-flame-test-the-sample-is-fixed-vertically-and-a-flame-methane-or-propane-is-applied-for-30-seconds-to-observe-flame-spread-and-self-extinguishing-time\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Vertical Flame Test: The sample is fixed vertically, and a flame (methane or propane) is applied for 30 seconds to observe flame spread and self-extinguishing time.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6acfd7bd055b32b8ead5d9f3ef5fd58a\" id=\"h-horizontal-flame-test-applicable-to-certain-cable-types\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Horizontal Flame Test (applicable to certain cable types).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b1290837557d9fcb75efaab4c41e860f\" id=\"h-criteria\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Criteria:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6ecebac9bee7126915ab3059b1c21b7a\" id=\"h-flame-spread-rate-100-mm-min\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Flame spread rate \u2264100 mm\/min;<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65008903bb4bfca462e2370c962d4bb2\" id=\"h-self-extinguishing-time-30-seconds\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Self-extinguishing time \u226430 seconds;<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e2345070b6329a15bb3910fc3a16ebbe\" id=\"h-dripping-particles-must-not-ignite-cotton-below\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Dripping particles must not ignite cotton below.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/12d1a58fe4d5ce49b16b70a28e1ea5a7ababd8d5743d-9RYYit_fw1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/12d1a58fe4d5ce49b16b70a28e1ea5a7ababd8d5743d-9RYYit_fw1200.jpg 610w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/12d1a58fe4d5ce49b16b70a28e1ea5a7ababd8d5743d-9RYYit_fw1200-600x441.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/figure><div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48d4248794ecb4e155115bd6d46ecc94\" id=\"h-1-2-iec-60332-cable-flame-retardancy-performance-test\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">1.2 IEC 60332 (Cable Flame Retardancy Performance Test)<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ff04ae66c3e8445bf0a94e0a896c5d3e\" id=\"h-series-classification\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Series Classification:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f11da511ffffdadf8fe52cb44f67e71d\" id=\"h-iec-60332-1-single-vertical-flame-test-a-flame-is-applied-for-20-seconds-to-assess-burn-length-and-self-extinguishing-properties\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa IEC 60332-1 (Single Vertical Flame Test): A flame is applied for 20 seconds to assess burn length and self-extinguishing properties.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-177e8612b57d9a9b2f821f94fac601bd\" id=\"h-iec-60332-3-bundle-vertical-flame-test-divided-into-classes-a-b-c-class-a-being-the-strictest-with-a-flame-applied-for-40-minutes-to-evaluate-flame-spread-height-and-charring-range\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa IEC 60332-3 (Bundle Vertical Flame Test): Divided into Classes A\/B\/C (Class A being the strictest), with a flame applied for 40 minutes to evaluate flame spread height and charring range.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2daabac10c03f028f4a4a6084781dfee\" id=\"h-criteria-0\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Criteria:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43bd26f09b6d21cb85bf3516d88ac189\" id=\"h-iec-60332-1-burn-length-50-mm-self-extinguishing-time-60-seconds\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa IEC 60332-1: Burn length \u226450 mm, self-extinguishing time \u226460 seconds;<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25abfdba5c8b5713560a373d694df525\" id=\"h-iec-60332-3-charring-height-2-5-m-class-a\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa IEC 60332-3: Charring height \u22642.5 m (Class A).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/17121156110309350519_5_ainote_new.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4620\"\/><\/figure><div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-be54d9709f71519a5040baf3841e3643\" id=\"h-1-3-other-relevant-international-standards\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">1.3 Other Relevant International Standards<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e0502a362fc5333417b81a91c0eebbf5\" id=\"h-series-classification-0\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Series Classification:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6980fb7ff7a0f604f4becaea63aa2c2f\" id=\"h-iso-3795-flammability-test-for-automotive-interior-materials-similar-to-fmvss-302-applicable-to-wire-harness-sheathing-materials-in-vehicles\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa ISO 3795 (Flammability Test for Automotive Interior Materials): Similar to FMVSS 302, applicable to wire harness sheathing materials in vehicles.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a42eb571e8ff8e26b313a94b83d1838d\" id=\"h-iec-60754-toxicity-test-for-gases-from-cable-combustion-evaluates-halogen-acid-gas-emissions-e-g-hcl-0-5\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa IEC 60754 (Toxicity Test for Gases from Cable Combustion): Evaluates halogen acid gas emissions (e.g., HCl \u22640.5%).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-156f0d50118bde152b4ed8f30f2689c5\" id=\"h-summary-the-international-general-standards-centered-on-iso-6722-automotive-wire-harnesses-and-iec-60332-general-cables-provide-fundamental-flame-retardancy-test-methods-and-are-referenced-or-adapted-by-national-standards-e-g-gb-en-ul\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">Summary: <strong>The international general standards, centered on ISO 6722 (automotive wire harnesses) and IEC 60332 (general cables), provide fundamental flame retardancy test methods and are referenced or adapted by national standards (e.g., GB, EN, UL).<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:180px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44d87a3e5200d012d74146a9c69b2a39\" id=\"h-ii-american-regional-standards\" style=\"color:#e85c03;font-size:36px;line-height:1.7\">II. American Regional Standards<\/h3><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c7632e10cdbf8874773c6c817a71981f\" id=\"h-the-flame-retardancy-test-standards-for-wire-harnesses-in-the-americas-region-are-primarily-established-by-the-united-states-and-canada-mainly-applicable-to-automotive-electronics-construction-and-other-fields\" style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>The flame retardancy test standards for wire harnesses in the Americas region are primarily established by the United States and Canada, mainly applicable to automotive, electronics, construction and other fields.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-323f1456cad317a72979a923bb5c406c\" id=\"h-u-s-standards-ul-sae-have-strong-global-influence-while-canadian-standards-csa-are-more-stringent-in-certain-test-requirements\" style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>U.S. standards (UL, SAE) have strong global influence, while Canadian standards (CSA) are more stringent in certain test requirements.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f34aa9d767ba7e465ebed66bb44cd69f\" id=\"h-2-1-u-s-standards\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">2.1 U.S. Standards<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-586e7149ec6188cd4f1d5b554c41c3dd\" id=\"h-1-ul-1581-flammability-test-of-wires-and-cables\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">(1) UL 1581 (Flammability Test of Wires and Cables)<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b2bd910b94a0aec930ff37df30487af0\" id=\"h-scope-wires-and-cables-for-electronic-equipment-household-appliances-building-wiring-and-other-fields\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa<\/strong> Scope: Wires and cables for electronic equipment, household appliances, building wiring and other fields.<\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-258c2e40f7840d6e8fa8df34ea4f31c1\" id=\"h-test-methods-0\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa<\/strong> Test Methods:<\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-048965867028f6e53af3a615f40418cb\" id=\"h-vw-1-test-vertical-burning-flame-is-applied-5-times-15-seconds-each-requiring-self-extinguishing-and-no-ignition-of-cotton-by-dripping-particles\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce VW-1 Test (Vertical Burning): Flame is applied 5 times (15 seconds each), requiring self-extinguishing and no ignition of cotton by dripping particles.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b763bd891c62415d094797f9f4f4ccdf\" id=\"h-ft1-ft2-horizontal-burning-evaluates-burning-rate-and-self-extinguishing-time\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce FT1\/FT2 (Horizontal Burning): Evaluates burning rate and self-extinguishing time.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b23e96cc581d279ef4a1c9bf543c3bb6\" id=\"h-criteria-1\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa<\/strong> Criteria:<\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b45796a3c04fef09cb41f67ad0b62abe\" id=\"h-burning-length-60-seconds-vw-1\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce Burning length \u226460 seconds (VW-1);<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-384a0a2f5b9edf3513745c39d331848c\" id=\"h-dripping-particles-must-not-ignite-cotton-below-0\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce Dripping particles must not ignite cotton below.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fa5c7ea89cd7770556d012c1d4b5ddf8\" id=\"h-2-ul-1685-vertical-tray-fire-propagation-test\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">(2) UL 1685 (Vertical-Tray Fire-Propagation Test)<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f0b5b5096c048c7e8daa2636d9bcc759\" id=\"h-scope-densely-wired-environments-like-data-centers-and-high-rise-buildings\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Scope: Densely wired environments like data centers and high-rise buildings.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-176e114bc67711d9adc7e06c615df557\" id=\"h-test-method-similar-to-iec-60332-3-but-with-more-detailed-classifications-e-g-cmr-cmg-ratings\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Test Method: Similar to IEC 60332-3 but with more detailed classifications (e.g., CMR\/CMG ratings).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8c782f807d59beac542f7c75dedf2d55\" id=\"h-criteria-flame-propagation-height-8-feet-cmr-rating\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Criteria: Flame propagation height \u22648 feet (CMR rating).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ABUIABAEGAAgu7T_gwYotNzD8Acw1gI41wI.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4622\"\/><\/figure><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4146a8941ae0250fc24e882e0cb4f01d\" id=\"h-3-fmvss-302-flammability-of-interior-materials\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">(3) FMVSS 302 (Flammability of Interior Materials)<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5e520efb5fd81ff0e30a04f2c2e2b4a6\" id=\"h-scope-automotive-wire-harnesses-seats-interior-materials-etc\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Scope: Automotive wire harnesses, seats, interior materials, etc.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33c96b10bd0a761dbbaf87707875cf62\" id=\"h-test-method-horizontal-burning-with-flame-applied-for-30-seconds-measuring-burn-rate\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Test Method: Horizontal burning with flame applied for 30 seconds, measuring burn rate.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6f89c13bb839f5ecaa33e7faa42ec72e\" id=\"h-criteria-burn-rate-102-mm-min\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Criteria: Burn rate \u2264102 mm\/min.<\/strong><\/h6><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/30b4a05a28db5f11c2cbc7f6779ea8e5-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/30b4a05a28db5f11c2cbc7f6779ea8e5-1.jpeg 540w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/30b4a05a28db5f11c2cbc7f6779ea8e5-1-180x180.jpeg 180w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/30b4a05a28db5f11c2cbc7f6779ea8e5-1-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/30b4a05a28db5f11c2cbc7f6779ea8e5-1-100x100.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/figure><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a8ee0cdf86d4d277587531c6015c8dce\" id=\"h-2-2-canadian-standards-csa-c22-2\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">2.2 Canadian Standards (CSA C22.2)<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76531b412dc7fc02b891266a5cc5b091\" id=\"h-test-methods-similar-to-ul-but-adds-low-temperature-testing-40-c-to-ensure-flame-retardancy-under-extreme-conditions\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Test Methods: Similar to UL but adds low-temperature testing (-40\u00b0C) to ensure flame retardancy under extreme conditions.<\/h5><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2fed999161b3787a149cce26d096083c\" id=\"h-criteria-2\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Criteria:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9eb90e34e5ca08b3768d4f0f4d28998f\" id=\"h-burn-length-50-mm-vertical-burning\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Burn length \u226450 mm (vertical burning);<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a16b7e0b5a679c8e528beb4c74724ec2\" id=\"h-self-extinguishing-time-30-seconds-0\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Self-extinguishing time \u226430 seconds.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bb56290972a858412d4277f7e9092be9\" id=\"h-summary-american-standards-center-on-ul-1581-vw-1-and-fmvss-302-automotive-for-various-applications-canadian-standards-enhance-ul-requirements-with-low-temperature-testing-making-them-more-stringent\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">Summary: <strong>American standards center on UL 1581 (VW-1) and FMVSS 302 (automotive) for various applications. Canadian standards enhance UL requirements with low-temperature testing, making them more stringent.<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:180px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0efdd348cc0baff3ee15c50a649901a4\" id=\"h-iii-european-regional-standards\" style=\"color:#e85c03;font-size:36px;line-height:1.7\">III. European Regional Standards<\/h3><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42814ded8996ddaf68b396f06bfc6003\" id=\"h-the-flame-retardancy-test-standards-for-wire-harnesses-in-europe-are-mainly-based-on-en-european-standards-and-din-german-standards-emphasizing-fire-safety-smoke-control-and-toxicity-limitations-widely-applied-in-automotive-railway-construction-and-other-fields\" style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>The flame retardancy test standards for wire harnesses in Europe are mainly based on EN (European Standards) and DIN (German Standards), emphasizing fire safety, smoke control and toxicity limitations, widely applied in automotive, railway, construction and other fields.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2b3a0dd636844448aa12936689ddbac6\" id=\"h-3-1-en-50575-eu-cpr-regulation\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">3.1 EN 50575 (EU CPR Regulation)<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2cba70cf0712b692cb51fd6b9258a877\" id=\"h-scope-fire-performance-classification-of-cables-for-construction\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Scope: Fire performance classification of cables for construction.<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-beee0fe7c1e6a296c1a71a55e1d00e88\" id=\"h-test-methods-1\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Test Methods:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12f181f6364df2eac6ad9821cb4a09bc\" id=\"h-en-60332-1-3-single-bundle-flame-test-referencing-iec-standards\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa EN 60332-1\/3 (Single\/bundle flame test, referencing IEC standards);<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15cec175f76944c559fe893507b6e960\" id=\"h-en-50399-flame-spread-and-heat-release-rate-test\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa EN 50399 (Flame spread and heat release rate test).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63f5a4b19e1f83fcb6dcaec3ffd1c6f8\" id=\"h-classification-standards\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Classification Standards:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b3e6b808ebefdab8f6a2ba0e25012fca\" id=\"h-aca-fca-aca-being-the-highest-flame-retardant-level-fca-with-no-requirements\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Aca-Fca (Aca being the highest flame retardant level, Fca with no requirements);<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34933bd2a8c18a67eca8f08cd05ebdb9\" id=\"h-additional-tests-required-for-smoke-density-en-61034-and-toxic-gases-en-60754\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Additional tests required for smoke density (EN 61034) and toxic gases (EN 60754).<\/strong><\/h6><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"545\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/u3878696345515235340fm253fmtautoapp138fJPEG.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4625\"\/><\/figure><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97d393a11472a4d7d015beda6437e434\" id=\"h-3-2-din-5510-2-german-railway-standard\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">3.2 DIN 5510-2 (German Railway Standard)<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d8cea5f493e8dd76bc099492ffe7229b\" id=\"h-scope-wire-harnesses-and-materials-for-rail-transit-vehicles\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Scope: Wire harnesses and materials for rail transit vehicles.<\/h5><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1e3f35f618b0dfcc67545802469d2ff9\" id=\"h-classification-levels-s1-s5-s4-s5-being-high-flame-retardant-levels\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Classification Levels: S1-S5 (S4\/S5 being high flame retardant levels).<\/h5><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-253db861390daf3804306aabf5d29f78\" id=\"h-test-requirements\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Test Requirements:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c35d2a9088085886e2141bab8452d999\" id=\"h-flame-spread-length-250mm-s4-level\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Flame spread length \u2264250mm (S4 level);<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9d9a1d9e5268b2ae3031d56afb56c14e\" id=\"h-smoke-transmittance-60\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Smoke transmittance \u226560%;<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4555586f4792f7b06ebba4bd0ecf3b54\" id=\"h-toxic-gas-limits-e-g-co-1000ppm\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Toxic gas limits (e.g. CO\u22641000ppm).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"251\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/a33587013a9ff0d18ba1fa633f996da0.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5209\"\/><\/figure><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d0c0b5676e46deeb0249e39f44b15a77\" id=\"h-3-3-bs-6853-british-railway-standard\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">3.3 BS 6853 (British Railway Standard)<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b9c5a4283f08b6a8e2f36790510677ce\" id=\"h-scope-passenger-vehicles-such-as-subways-and-trains\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Scope: Passenger vehicles such as subways and trains.<\/h5><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3396e76e5d7445e36e0c4af0a00d0f2b\" id=\"h-test-classification\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Test Classification:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54ba75aa7f3b754e585e49553cf0f9a1\" id=\"h-ia-ib-underground-vehicles-most-stringent\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Ia\/Ib (Underground vehicles, most stringent);<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f22fa3503116a6ad9103ba45dab5b59c\" id=\"h-ii-surface-vehicles\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aaII (Surface vehicles).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0ee32409c62136ccd4e2645e77006f69\" id=\"h-additional-requirements\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Additional Requirements:<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9d30d62c7723fb5893b59107c3447570\" id=\"h-heat-release-rate-20kw-m\u00b2\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Heat release rate \u226420kW\/m\u00b2;<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16578c2708ee0478a9c4dbc65833085f\" id=\"h-smoke-toxicity-index-sti-3\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Smoke toxicity index (STI) \u22643.<\/strong><\/h6><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/c282cdd2b27809015a77f3274bbf316a-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5210\" style=\"width:438px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/c282cdd2b27809015a77f3274bbf316a-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/c282cdd2b27809015a77f3274bbf316a-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/c282cdd2b27809015a77f3274bbf316a-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/c282cdd2b27809015a77f3274bbf316a-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/c282cdd2b27809015a77f3274bbf316a-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/c282cdd2b27809015a77f3274bbf316a-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/c282cdd2b27809015a77f3274bbf316a.jpg 1181w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3e1d53d06a3799afaf069b2f72191ac2\" id=\"h-summary-european-standards-are-centered-on-en-50575-cpr-classification-while-the-railway-sector-relies-on-din-5510-2-and-bs-6853-emphasizing-smoke-toxicity-control-which-are-more-stringent-than-american-and-asian-standards\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">Summary: <strong>European standards are centered on EN 50575 (CPR classification), while the railway sector relies on DIN 5510-2 and BS 6853, emphasizing smoke toxicity control, which are more stringent than American and Asian standards.<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:180px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32c0f44d7c0acc083fb697912bd702f7\" id=\"h-iv-asian-regional-standards\" style=\"color:#e85c03;font-size:36px;line-height:1.7\">IV. Asian Regional Standards<\/h3><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-acfe9468d4511c213c3c33c9bb3a3048\" id=\"h-the-flame-retardancy-test-standards-for-wire-harnesses-in-asia-are-primarily-established-by-china-japan-and-india-based-on-international-standards-e-g-iec-these-countries-have-developed-more-targeted-testing-specifications-to-meet-local-requirements\" style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\">The flame retardancy test standards for wire harnesses in Asia are primarily established by China, Japan, and India. Based on international standards (e.g., IEC), these countries have developed more targeted testing specifications to meet local requirements.<\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-718e4d05643b73979784feca02374544\" id=\"h-4-1-chinese-standards-gb-t\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">4.1 <strong>Chinese Standards (GB\/T)<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ac6364cc05abbd348590cb8eece2407a\" id=\"h-1-gb-t-18380-equivalent-to-iec-60332\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">(1) GB\/T 18380 (Equivalent to IEC 60332)<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2033fdac75b1728f08f8d38a428848b6\" id=\"h-scope-power-cables-control-cables-etc\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa <strong>Scope<\/strong>: Power cables, control cables, etc.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-481635068a480a5b61d361fbdafe97f0\" id=\"h-test-methods-2\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa <strong>Test Methods<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77230649eb5fba4988ee44d0b44913a7\" id=\"h-gb-t-18380-1-single-vertical-flame-test\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce GB\/T 18380.1\u00a0(Single vertical flame test);<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a1cd24c2728a31e0fc01fe8efe6db88c\" id=\"h-gb-t-18380-3-bundle-vertical-flame-test-classified-into-a-b-c-categories\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce <strong>GB\/T 18380.3<\/strong>\u00a0(Bundle vertical flame test, classified into A\/B\/C categories).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-433b72d6855368809feb3562746b072a\" id=\"h-scope-power-cables-control-cables-etc-0\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa <strong>Scope<\/strong>: Power cables, control cables, etc.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83c568df6ae03c2b1398c5bbf4eb26b1\" id=\"h-single-cable-burn-length-50-mm-self-extinguishing-time-60-seconds\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce <strong>Single cable: Burn length \u226450 mm, self-extinguishing time \u226460 seconds;<\/strong><\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-161a86fd2b00be5e6cb0bd4d8c83d7f0\" id=\"h-bundle-cables-charring-height-2-5-m-category-a\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce <strong>Bundle cables: Charring height \u22642.5 m (Category A).<\/strong><\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17e6d2b71c839bb8861a6411870acbec\" id=\"h-2-gb-8410-flammability-of-automotive-interior-materials\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\">(2) GB 8410 (Flammability of Automotive Interior Materials)<\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-858d339883322d57d0a7d2390b88aff2\" id=\"h-scope-automotive-wire-harnesses-and-interior-materials\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa <strong><strong>Scope<\/strong>: Automotive wire harnesses and interior materials.<\/strong><\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9ef931ebd7cc4e321bde05ada135ab1d\" id=\"h-test-method-horizontal-flame-test-with-flame-applied-for-30-seconds\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa <strong><strong>Test Method<\/strong>: Horizontal flame test with flame applied for 30 seconds.<\/strong><\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43716f68ba684dcf035284b011359394\" id=\"h-scope-power-cables-control-cables-etc-1\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa <strong>Scope<\/strong>: Power cables, control cables, etc.<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"343\" height=\"303\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1fe401d9-a0e6-4dc6-aa3b-302a7d29feaf.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5212\"\/><\/figure><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80441e2a192a676c508d74e5b1a731f3\" id=\"h-4-2-japanese-standards-jis\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">4.2 <strong><strong>Japanese Standards (JIS)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9857a2ee23f390c1d23c23f26f8617c0\" id=\"h-1-jis-c-3005-flame-retardancy-test-for-electric-wires-and-cables\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>(1) JIS C 3005 (Flame Retardancy Test for Electric Wires and Cables)<\/strong><\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f4e1e1144f9b7d2cdfdc1c913a73e127\" id=\"h-test-method-vertical-flame-test-with-flame-applied-for-30-seconds\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa <strong><strong><strong>Test Method<\/strong>: Vertical flame test with flame applied for 30 seconds.<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0d52fa181a87c5767c1a70bf9f907ad7\" id=\"h-criteria-self-extinguishing-time-60-seconds-no-ignition-of-cotton-by-dripping-particles\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa <strong><strong><strong>Criteria<\/strong>: Self-extinguishing time \u226460 seconds, no ignition of cotton by dripping particles.<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"416\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/u5266831073694699789fm253fmtautoapp138fPNG.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4635\"\/><\/figure><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40a4f60558fe6e7a49a96cfb657df8bd\" id=\"h-2-jaso-d611-automotive-wire-harness-standard\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>(2) JASO D611 (Automotive Wire Harness Standard)<\/strong><\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53017bbd7ede75a29462065f1bc61943\" id=\"h-additional-requirements-0\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25aa Additional Requirements<\/strong>:<\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-008512b5d42d7e01ad8a159e2f651d84\" id=\"h-oil-resistance-test-flame-retardancy-remains-unchanged-after-immersion\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce Oil resistance test (flame retardancy remains unchanged after immersion);<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a019e846eba2f0a0e5b259034bfe7830\" id=\"h-heat-aging-test-flame-retardancy-must-still-meet-requirements-after-high-temperature-exposure\" style=\"color:#8c8c8c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u25ce Heat aging test (flame retardancy must still meet requirements after high-temperature exposure).<\/strong><\/h6><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"413\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e655d4d019784ab0359a56a1b4ce500-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4634\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e655d4d019784ab0359a56a1b4ce500-1.jpg 413w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e655d4d019784ab0359a56a1b4ce500-1-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e655d4d019784ab0359a56a1b4ce500-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/4e655d4d019784ab0359a56a1b4ce500-1-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 413px) 100vw, 413px\" \/><\/figure><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b906f10dc69a4cb05074954611bcf07e\" id=\"h-3-indian-standard-is-694\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>(3) <strong>Indian Standard (IS 694)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9cd2d45335fe328ba90c46b80665921f\" id=\"h-test-method-references-iec-60332-but-simplifies-bundle-flame-tests-into-two-categories-a-b-with-a-being-stricter\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\">\u25aa Test Method: <strong>References IEC 60332 but simplifies bundle flame tests into two categories (A\/B, with A being stricter).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94e2dce2b59554849546f104fc78a6ce\" id=\"h-criteria-burn-length-50-mm-single-cable-charring-height-2-5-m-category-a\" style=\"font-size:18px;line-height:1.7\">\u25aa Criteria:<strong> Burn length \u226450 mm (single cable), charring height \u22642.5 m (Category A).<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-590036822d30f59c379501eeb108d4b8\" id=\"h-summary-asian-standards-are-centered-on-china-s-gb-t-18380-and-japan-s-jis-c-3005-incorporating-localized-requirements-e-g-china-s-gb-8410-japan-s-jaso-d611-while-building-upon-iec-standards-india-s-standards-are-relatively-simplified-but-remain-aligned-with-international-core-tests\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">Summary: <strong>Asian standards are centered on\u00a0<\/strong>China&#8217;s GB\/T 18380<strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/strong>Japan&#8217;s JIS C 3005<strong>, incorporating localized requirements (e.g., China&#8217;s GB 8410, Japan&#8217;s JASO D611) while building upon IEC standards. India&#8217;s standards are relatively simplified but remain aligned with international core tests.<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:180px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-eca4c05bffb32dfd36a3a959c36e09e0\" id=\"h-v-key-differences-comparison\" style=\"color:#e85c03;font-size:36px;line-height:1.7\">V. Key Differences Comparison<\/h3><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Comparison Dimension<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>North American Standards<\/strong>\u00a0(UL\/FMVSS)<\/td><td><strong>European Standards<\/strong>\u00a0(EN\/DIN)<\/td><td><strong>Chinese Standards<\/strong>\u00a0(GB)<\/td><td><strong>Japanese Standards<\/strong>\u00a0(JIS)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Core Standards<\/strong><\/td><td>UL 1581 (VW-1) \/ FMVSS 302<\/td><td>EN 50575 (CPR) \/ DIN 5510-2<\/td><td>GB\/T 18380 \/ GB 8410<\/td><td>JIS C 3005 \/ JASO D611<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Test Methods<\/strong><\/td><td>Vertical burning (VW-1)\/Horizontal burning (FMVSS)<\/td><td>Single\/bundle burning (EN 60332) + Smoke toxicity<\/td><td>Single\/bundle burning + Horizontal burning (automotive)<\/td><td>Vertical burning + Oil\/heat resistance aging<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Burning Time<\/strong><\/td><td>15 sec \u00d7 5 times (VW-1)\/30 sec (FMVSS)<\/td><td>20 sec (single)\/40 min (bundle)<\/td><td>20 sec (single)\/40 min (bundle)<\/td><td>30 sec (vertical)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Self-extinguishing Requirement<\/strong><\/td><td>\u226430 sec (no dripping)<\/td><td>\u226460 sec + Low smoke toxicity<\/td><td>\u226460 sec (single)<\/td><td>\u226460 sec + Must pass after oil resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Stringency<\/strong><\/td><td>Strict control of dripping particles<\/td><td>Most stringent smoke toxicity limits<\/td><td>Automotive standard (GB 8410) stricter than general cables<\/td><td>Additional environmental endurance tests<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Typical Applications<\/strong><\/td><td>Electronics\/Automotive interiors<\/td><td>Construction\/Rail transit<\/td><td>Power\/Automotive wire harnesses<\/td><td>Automotive\/Weather-resistant wire harnesses<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9c9a4bafe91c3d6b7c4845799de63c44\" id=\"h-notes\" style=\"font-size:22px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d1b2db5dc516fa5641406adc89a9e66e\" id=\"h-north-america-focuses-on-controlling-burning-drips-europe-emphasizes-smoke-toxicity-while-asia-emphasizes-localized-supplementary-tests-e-g-oil-heat-resistance\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u2022 North America focuses on controlling burning drips, Europe emphasizes smoke toxicity, while Asia emphasizes localized supplementary tests (e.g., oil\/heat resistance);<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a3b710d49b6b885b83d89db48d2a11a8\" id=\"h-for-automotive-wire-harness-standards-fmvss-302-us-and-gb-8410-china-are-similar-but-differ-in-test-details\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u2022 For automotive wire harness standards, FMVSS 302 (US) and GB 8410 (China) are similar but differ in test details;<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-759fb8d452ee352e9ccb3d40038ac250\" id=\"h-japanese-standards-add-environmental-reliability-requirements-on-top-of-flame-retardancy-making-them-more-comprehensive\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>\u2022 Japanese standards add environmental reliability requirements on top of flame retardancy, making them more comprehensive.<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:180px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2a9f325492bc96e55f3bb0a352969e0b\" id=\"h-vii-conclusion\" style=\"color:#e85c03;font-size:36px;line-height:1.7\">VII. Conclusion<\/h3><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9fb04d0587e771eca2ccc5f244154754\" id=\"h-global-wire-harness-flame-retardancy-testing-standards-exhibit-regional-characteristics-with-core-requirements-consistently-focused-on-flame-spread-control-self-extinguishing-performance-and-safety-additional-indicators\" style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><strong>Global wire harness flame retardancy testing standards exhibit\u00a0<\/strong>regional characteristics<strong>, with core requirements consistently focused on\u00a0flame spread control,\u00a0<\/strong>self-extinguishing performance<strong>, and\u00a0<\/strong>safety additional indicators<strong>:<\/strong><\/h6><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81ba08d249c0739edd962fbc9171b731\" id=\"h-7-1-regional-focus\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">7.1 Regional Focus<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c3a7e19d849cb7ebc4d27657f54fbba1\" id=\"h-americas-ul-fmvss-emphasizes-dripping-control-e-g-vw-1-test-and-burn-rate-fmvss-302\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Americas\u00a0(UL\/FMVSS): <strong>Emphasizes\u00a0<\/strong>dripping control<strong>\u00a0(e.g., VW-1 test) and burn rate (FMVSS 302);<\/strong><\/h5><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f801ddef0dc5fb39af6e91818b3560c1\" id=\"h-europe-en-din-most-stringent-requirements-for-smoke-toxicity-and-heat-release-limits-cpr-classification-railway-standards\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Europe\u00a0(EN\/DIN): <strong>Most stringent requirements for\u00a0<\/strong>smoke toxicity<strong>\u00a0and heat release limits (CPR classification, railway standards);<\/strong><\/h5><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a1a7021882bbc4a0769e515ec1a1bfd0\" id=\"h-asia-gb-jis-builds-on-iec-standards-while-adding-localized-scenario-tests-e-g-china-s-automotive-gb-8410-japan-s-oil-resistant-jaso\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Asia\u00a0(GB\/JIS): <strong>Builds on IEC standards while adding\u00a0<\/strong>localized scenario tests<strong>\u00a0(e.g., China&#8217;s automotive GB 8410, Japan&#8217;s oil-resistant JASO).<\/strong><\/h5><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-266967d29c89ed93e733ab898c32a74a\" id=\"h-7-2-industry-variations\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">7.2 Industry Variations<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7af577dc143ab7fe82ec31cede4120d5\" id=\"h-automotive-wire-harnesses-north-american-fmvss-302-and-asian-gb-8410-standards-show-convergence-while-some-european-automakers-adopt-additional-en-45545-requirements\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Automotive Wire Harnesses:<strong> North American (FMVSS 302) and Asian (GB 8410) standards show convergence, while some European automakers adopt additional EN 45545 requirements;<\/strong><\/h5><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b888a553ea25698812f5ec5cb3cd36e9\" id=\"h-construction-rail-transit-european-standards-en-50575-din-5510-provide-the-most-comprehensive-coverage-with-strict-toxicity-requirements\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Construction\/Rail Transit: <strong>European standards (EN 50575, DIN 5510) provide the most comprehensive coverage with strict toxicity requirements.<\/strong><\/h5><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9b9ec56faa77730650dac705b215334d\" id=\"h-7-3-development-trends\" style=\"font-size:28px;line-height:1.7\">7.3 Development Trends<\/h4><div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-db86836cbd3569878954625e73ef5436\" id=\"h-international-harmonization-iec-60332-is-widely-referenced-though-specialized-sectors-e-g-aerospace-military-maintain-independent-standards\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 International Harmonization:<strong> IEC 60332 is widely referenced, though specialized sectors (e.g., aerospace, military) maintain independent standards;<\/strong><\/h5><h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-0-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23aaa78be32457ab05c6ddb1b5e8aac8\" id=\"h-green-safety-the-eu-promotes-low-smoke-zero-halogen-lszh-standards-with-other-regions-gradually-following-suit\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">\u2022 Green Safety: <strong>The EU promotes low-smoke zero-halogen (LSZH) standards, with other regions gradually following suit.<\/strong><\/h5><div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a5fa3e269b9c72955def0abf04eb15b7\" id=\"h-final-recommendation-standard-selection-must-consider-both-product-destination-and-end-use-scenarios-e-g-automotive-construction-while-paying-attention-to-regional-specific-requirements-e-g-eu-cpr-japan-s-environmental-resistance\" style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.7\">Final Recommendation: <strong>Standard selection must consider both\u00a0product destination\u00a0and\u00a0end-use scenarios\u00a0(e.g., automotive, construction), while paying attention to regional-specific requirements (e.g., EU CPR, Japan&#8217;s environmental resistance).<\/strong><\/h4><div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/afad5519bf65e68a4907b32a25a45f72be5b422d53ef94fe7d84befae91c9b64-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/afad5519bf65e68a4907b32a25a45f72be5b422d53ef94fe7d84befae91c9b64-1.png 1536w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/afad5519bf65e68a4907b32a25a45f72be5b422d53ef94fe7d84befae91c9b64-1-1024x400.png 1024w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/afad5519bf65e68a4907b32a25a45f72be5b422d53ef94fe7d84befae91c9b64-1-768x300.png 768w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/afad5519bf65e68a4907b32a25a45f72be5b422d53ef94fe7d84befae91c9b64-1-600x234.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/figure><div style=\"height:150px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/><div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-comments\">\n\n\n\n\n\n<div id=\"respond\" class=\"comment-respond has-link-color has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color wp-block-post-comments-form has-small-font-size wp-elements-62077e73657e84c0f34c2f5df0fd71a0\">\n\t\t<h3 id=\"reply-title\" class=\"comment-reply-title\">\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3059\u308b <small><a rel=\"nofollow\" id=\"cancel-comment-reply-link\" href=\"\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5151#respond\" style=\"display:none;\">\u8fd4\u4fe1\u3092\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30bb\u30eb<\/a><\/small><\/h3><form action=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-comments-post.php\" method=\"post\" id=\"ast-commentform\" class=\"comment-form\" data-trp-original-action=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-comments-post.php\"><p class=\"comment-notes\"><span id=\"email-notes\">\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304c\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/span> <span class=\"required-field-message\"><span class=\"required\">\u203b<\/span> \u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6b04\u306f\u5fc5\u9808\u9805\u76ee\u3067\u3059<\/span><\/p><div class=\"ast-row comment-textarea\"><fieldset class=\"comment-form-comment\"><legend class =\"comment-form-legend\"><\/legend><div class=\"comment-form-textarea ast-grid-common-col\"><label for=\"comment\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5165\u529b\u2026<\/label><textarea id=\"comment\" name=\"comment\" placeholder=\"\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5165\u529b\u2026\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" aria-required=\"true\"><\/textarea><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div><div class=\"ast-comment-formwrap ast-row\"><p class=\"comment-form-author ast-grid-common-col ast-width-lg-33 ast-width-md-4 ast-float\"><label for=\"author\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">Name*<\/label><input id=\"author\" name=\"author\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"Name*\" size=\"30\" aria-required='true' \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"comment-form-email ast-grid-common-col ast-width-lg-33 ast-width-md-4 ast-float\"><label for=\"email\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb*<\/label><input id=\"email\" name=\"email\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb*\" size=\"30\" aria-required='true' \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"comment-form-url ast-grid-common-col ast-width-lg-33 ast-width-md-4 ast-float\"><label for=\"url\"><label for=\"url\" class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8<\/label><input id=\"url\" name=\"url\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\" size=\"30\" \/><\/label><\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"comment-form-cookies-consent\"><input id=\"wp-comment-cookies-consent\" name=\"wp-comment-cookies-consent\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"yes\" \/> <label for=\"wp-comment-cookies-consent\">\u6b21\u56de\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u30fc\u306b\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3001\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3001\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u4fdd\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/label><\/p>\n<p class=\"form-submit\"><input name=\"submit\" type=\"submit\" id=\"submit\" class=\"submit\" value=\"\u6295\u7a3f\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8 &raquo;\" \/> <input type='hidden' name='comment_post_ID' value='5151' id='comment_post_ID' \/>\n<input type='hidden' name='comment_parent' id='comment_parent' value='0' \/>\n<\/p><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"ja\"\/><\/form>\t<\/div><!-- #respond --><\/div><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><div class=\"has-avatars has-dates has-excerpts no-comments wp-block-latest-comments\">\u8868\u793a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/div><div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/><div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-site-logo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/\" class=\"custom-logo-link\" rel=\"home\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"507\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/iwEcAqNqcGcDAQTRC7gF0QPoBrBzRup_3G9EJwZuMkU3nVsAB9MAAAAAgOedawgACaJpbQoAC9IABlxT.jpg_720x720q90.jpg\" class=\"custom-logo\" alt=\"Custom &amp; Wholesale Wire Harnesses | Precision Assembly Solutions\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/iwEcAqNqcGcDAQTRC7gF0QPoBrBzRup_3G9EJwZuMkU3nVsAB9MAAAAAgOedawgACaJpbQoAC9IABlxT.jpg_720x720q90.jpg 720w, https:\/\/kabolux.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/iwEcAqNqcGcDAQTRC7gF0QPoBrBzRup_3G9EJwZuMkU3nVsAB9MAAAAAgOedawgACaJpbQoAC9IABlxT.jpg_720x720q90-600x200.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 507px) 100vw, 507px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div><nav class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color is-responsive items-justified-center wp-block-navigation is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-1 wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex\" aria-label=\"\u5bfc\u822a\u680f\" \n\t\t data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-context='{\"overlayOpenedBy\":{\"click\":false,\"hover\":false,\"focus\":false},\"type\":\"overlay\",\"roleAttribute\":\"\",\"ariaLabel\":\"\\u30e1\\u30cb\\u30e5\\u30fc\"}'><button aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"\u30e1\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u958b\u304f\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-open\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.openMenuOnClick\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\"\n\t\t\t><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"7.5\" width=\"16\" height=\"1.5\" \/><rect x=\"4\" y=\"15\" width=\"16\" height=\"1.5\" \/><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container\" style=\"\" id=\"modal-1\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--has-modal-open=\"state.isMenuOpen\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--is-menu-open=\"state.isMenuOpen\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--focusout=\"actions.handleMenuFocusout\"\n\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"-1\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-close\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-dialog\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-modal=\"state.ariaModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.ariaLabel\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--role=\"state.roleAttribute\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button aria-label=\"\u30e1\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u3092\u9589\u3058\u308b\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-close\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.closeMenuOnClick\"\n\t\t\t><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M13 11.8l6.1-6.3-1-1-6.1 6.2-6.1-6.2-1 1 6.1 6.3-6.5 6.7 1 1 6.5-6.6 6.5 6.6 1-1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-watch=\"callbacks.focusFirstElement\"\n\t\t\t id=\"modal-1-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-navigation__container has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color is-responsive items-justified-center wp-block-navigation\"><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Home<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/aboutus\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">About us<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/product\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Product<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/service\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Service<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/blog\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Blog<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/contactus\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Contact us<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/faq\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">FAQ<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/landing-page\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Landing page<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/thankyou\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Thank you<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/nav><div style=\"height:180px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comparison of Global Wire Harness Flame Retardancy Test Standards I. International General Standards The internationally recognized wire harness flame retardancy test standards are primarily established by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). They are widely applied in industries such as automotive, electronics, and power, serving as foundational references for national standards worldwide. 1.1 ISO 6722 (Flame Retardancy Test for Road Vehicle Cables) \u2022 Scope: Low-voltage cables for road vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles. \u2022 Test Methods: \u25aa Vertical Flame Test: The sample is fixed vertically, and a flame (methane or propane) is applied for 30 seconds to observe flame spread and self-extinguishing time. \u25aa Horizontal [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5151"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5151"}],"version-history":[{"count":58,"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5216,"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5151\/revisions\/5216"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kabolux.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}